Parent preparation
Parent is one of the identifying elements in the success of patin fish hatchery business. A proper and wholesome guardian will surely produce true seeds. The patin fish broodstock to be breeded can come from nature or the parents that have been stored due to the fact that childhood in the pond.
Parent originating from nature is nonetheless wild conduct and now and again has many accidents due to thrashing throughout arrest. Therefore, a suitable father or mother is a dad or mum that has been saved in a pond or different container, such as nests and nets.
To get a precise guardian patin fish, lengthy renovation in the pond, the father or mother is given extra meals that includes ample protein. Based on the outcomes of lookup carried out via researchers in order to speed up gonad maturity, twice a week the patin fish desires to be given trash fish or fish that are now not healthy for human consumption.
Mature Selection of Gonad Ripe Mothers Patin fish which will be breeded are chosen first, particularly by way of deciding on the girl and male broodstock that are mature gonads or equipped for spawning. Parent seize is achieved by using lowering the quantity of water to a peak of 20 cm from the backside of the pond. Parent seize can be accomplished cautiously to keep away from stress. Catching can be executed in two ways, specifically via the use of nets and with the aid of the usage of hands.
The traits of mature patin fish broodstock are as follows:
Mother Mother:
About three years old, minimal weight of 1.5-2 kg per head, stomach enlarges toward the anus, belly feels gentle and clean when touched, genitals swell and darkish crimson Male parent:
Minimum age two years, weight 1.5 - two kg per head, pores and skin gentle and skinny stomach, genitals swollen and red, sperm discharge if the belly is directed closer to the anus.
In addition to the above characteristics, the patin fish broodstock to be spawned ought to be bodily wholesome ie now not contaminated with the sickness and the parasite additionally does now not have accidents due to collisions, blows, scratches / cuts. A right mother or father have to additionally have surprisingly quick increase traits and be resistant to disease, however tolerant or adaptable and responsive to modifications in the surroundings and food.
Patin mum or dad choice does no longer pay interest to the bodily outside. The reason, the most deciding success of spawning is the stage of egg maturity. Mature eggs can be checked in the following way:
- Take 1 woman patin fish, suck the eggs the use of a catheter tube. The way the hose is inserted into the cloak is inside three cm, then the different give up of the hose is sucked up by way of the mouth till numerous eggs show up in the hose.
- The eggs in the tube have been saved in a cup, then the answer used to be dropped (a combination of formaldehyde, alcohol, and acetide answer in a ratio of 6: 3: 1). The answer is used to locate out which eggs are ripe. A mature egg has the attribute of being round, yellowish-white in color, the core of the egg is surely separated from the shell.
- Patin mother-cooked eggs are saved in a bath or hapa, male and lady are saved separately.
Induced Breeding
Patin fish is one kind of fish that is tough to spawn naturally if it is no longer in its authentic habitat. For this reason, it is integral to spawning the brought on breeding gadget (injection marriage). The success price of spawning of the injection machine is strongly influenced via the maturity stage of the patin fish. Other elements that are additionally pretty influential are water quality, the provision of first-class meals and in adequate quantities, as nicely as carefulness in managing or carrying out the injection.
Induced breeding can be finished the usage of different pituitary gland fish, such as goldfish, can additionally be accomplished with the aid of the use of a type of synthetic pituitary gland that includes the gonadotropin hormone. The market is acknowledged as the trademark ovaprim.
a. Using the Goldfish Pituitary Gland
The sequence of work carried out if the use of the pituitary gland as follows:
- Prepare a donor fish or fish to be taken by means of the pituitary gland. If the lady patain dad or mum to be injected weighs three kg, then the donor is used 9 kg whilst for the male mother or father who has a weight of three kg the donor is used as plenty as 6 kg
- Carp to be taken pituitary glands reduce vertically or vertically on the returned of the gill cover
- Pieces of the head are positioned with the mouth dealing with upwards, then reduce vertically from the floor barely above the mouth so that the intelligence organ will show up included with mucus or fat.
- The talent is circled and the mucus eliminated or cleaned with cotton or tissue. After clearing out of mucus, the intelligence will show up white granules such as rice, which is known as the pituitary gland.
- The pituitary gland is taken the use of tweezers and overwhelmed the use of a grinding glass till smooth. To facilitate injection, the pituitary gland was once dissolved into aquabides as a whole lot as two ml. So that the answer is definitely destroyed and mixed, use centrifuges or centrifuges.
- Pituitary gland answer is then taken or aspirated by using the usage of a syringe. The injection can be achieved intramuscularly in the back of the dorsal fin the use of a 0.12 ml syringe
b. Using Ovaprim
The sequence of work carried out if the usage of ovaprim as follows:
- To locate out the dose of ovaprim that will be used, the girl mother or father and male to be breed are weighed first.
- The dose of injection of woman father or mother is distinctive from the male inguk. For male father or mother ovaprim is required 0.3 ml / kg whilst for girls as tons as 0.5 ml / kg
- Injecting the woman father or mother is completed twice on the first injection of a dose of 1/3 phase of the complete dose, on the 2nd injection of the dose of 2/3 of the whole dose. The 2d injection is achieved 8-10 hours after the first injection
- Injecting male dad or mum is accomplished as soon as collectively with the injection of each lady parent.
- To keep away from the guardian in insurrection at the time of injection have to be done, two people
- Intramuscular injection at the back of the dorsal fin through inserting a needle as deep as two cm with a slope of forty degrees.
- The mom patin fish that has been injected is saved in a bath or hapa with jogging water.
Stripping and Fertilization
Ovulation is the stage of gonad maturity. When ovulating, the cooked eggs should be eliminated by means of massaging the belly of the woman patin fish. The stripping work sequence is as follows:
- Provide a container to maintain eggs, in the structure of a basin, plastic, which has been cleaned and dried.
- The girl guardian to be distripping is held with each hands, the left hand conserving the base of the tail and the proper hand protecting the decrease abdomen. The tip of the head of the patin fish is supported at the base of the thigh, then the stomach is slowly ordered from the the front to the returned the use of the center finger and thumb, then the eggs are amassed in a basin.
- Male mum or dad captured for sperm. This sperm will later be combined with eggs in the basin
- Ordering the male mother or father is in precept the identical as ordering the lady parent. Sperm that comes out of the belly of the male father or mother without delay united with eggs that are accommodated in the basin
- In order for fertilization to occur, the eggs and sperm can be combined perfectly, stirring with rooster feathers for about 0.5 minutes. Stirring is finished slowly rotating in the basin.
- To enlarge fertilization (fertilization), into a combination of eggs and sperm in the past can be brought as a good deal as 4000 rpm of desk salt. Addition is made whilst nonetheless stirring the combination and accompanied with the aid of getting into the water little with the aid of little. Stirring is completed for about two minutes.
- To do away with dust in the shape of mucus it is indispensable to change smooth water 2-3 times. To keep away from clumping of the eggs wishes to be washed the use of sludge solution. Sludge can smooth sticky phlegm and separate clumping eggs. Sludge used in the shape of mud or subgrade ponds or fields that are heated at a temperature of a hundred C in enhance to avoid disease.
- Fertilized eggs will develop. The measurement of the egg appears greater and is yellow. The unfertilized eggs will be white and settle to the bottom.
Egg Hatching Process
Egg hatching containers are hatched funnels. To assurance the success of hatching the hatching funnel is organized 1 day earlier than spawning. The steps for getting ready the egg hatchery container are as follows:
- All containers in the patin fish hatchery unit such as hatching eggs, larvae nurseries, water filter tanks, easy water reservoirs, water Turen, are washed and dried
- To keep away from fungal or bacterial illness of egg hatching funnels, it can additionally be soaked in PK larvae for 5 ppm for 30 minutes.
- After all containers have been prepared, the subsequent step is to insert smooth water into all containers. Suction pump that serves to drain water from smooth water storage containers to water Turen is run, so that there will be water circulation at some point of the patin fish cleansing unit container
Patin fish eggs to be hatched are poured into the hatching funnel and then unfold the use of fowl feathers. Water should additionally be channeled through regulating the float of water the usage of a faucet so that the egg is usually raised in the funnel. Don't attain the eggs piled at the backside of the funnel. If you accumulate eggs can rot eggs as tons as 400-500 eggs per liter of water or 10,000-20,000 eggs per funnel. The fertilized egg will enhance little through little and hatch into larvae.
Temporary Larva Collection
The newly hatched patin fish seeds, recognized as larvae, are quickly housed in larvae. Larva refuge in the shape of hapa (Trilin) which is set up in the larval reservoir. This is meant to facilitate harvesting of larvae when they are moved to the vicinity of maintenance. The seeds of patin fish or larvae that are solely 1 day ancient beneath the water cutting-edge are motivated to be hatched taken or harvested the use of a first-rate scop internet cautiously so that the patin fish seeds do no longer trip stress, water first-rate and maintenance, specially temperature or temperature, coming near same.
Seedling
The newly hatched larvae are no longer but perfect, however the seeds nonetheless have meals reserves in their our bodies in the structure of yolk sack. The seeds of patin fish swim vertically energetic in the direction of the floor of the water.
Seeds originating from transient storage facilities are then maintained in seed nurseries. Seedlings can be aquarium / glass fiber. The aquarium or glass fiber that will be used earlier than is cleaned and dried to keep away from disease. Every aquarium that will be used easy water and given aeration to add oxygen content material dissolved into the water. Water filling is carried out 1-2 days earlier than sowing the seeds. For every aquarium measuring 60 x forty five x 30 cm, 20,000 seeds can be maintained. If there are consumers who will want the patin fish seeds, they can be offered at once to be raised or bred elsewhere.
The seeds are stored in aquariums or glass fiber for 2-3 weeks. During maintenance, from days 1 to 10, patin fish seeds are given extra meals in the shape of Artemia that has been hatched in a separate vicinity and given each three - four hours. After the tenth day the patin fish seeds can be fed with water ticks (Dapnia sp) mosquito larvae, silk worms. The quantity of meals furnished is adjusted to the desires of the seed. Try now not to have any meals left in order to keep away from a reduce in water exceptional which can subsequently lead to seed death.
During renovation do the substitute of smooth water as soon as each and every 1-2 days or relying on needs. Water substitute can be executed cautiously by using spraying or whilst casting off the filth at the backside of the protection container by means of the usage of a small hose. The addition of easy water is carried out in tiers steadily to keep away from stressing the seeds that are maintained until the water function is shut to its authentic height.
PEST AND DISEASE OF PATIN FISH
One of the limitations that is regularly confronted in the cultivation of patin fish is pests and diseases. In controlling pests and illnesses prevention is the most tremendous motion in contrast to treatment. Precautions additionally do no longer require massive costs. Prevention have to be performed earlier than renovation begins.
Pest
Pest assaults are normally now not as extreme as disorder attacks, they are generally large than fish and are predatory.
Disease
In general, illnesses that assault patin fish are categorised into two groups, specifically illnesses springing up from non-pathogenic aspect disorders, this ailment is now not contagious. The 2nd is a ailment springing up from pathogenic organisms.
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Afriantio, Eddy dan Evi Liviawati. Pengendalian Hama dan Penyakit Ikan. Kanisius. Yogyakarta : 1993
Daelami, Deden. Agar Ikan Sehat. Penebar Swadaya. Jakarta :2001
Khairuman dan Dodi Sudenda. Budidaya Patin Secara Intensif. Agro Media Pustaka. Jakarta : 2002
Syofan dan Syafei L.S, 2005. Buku Seri Kesehatan Ikan “Patin Sehat Produksi Meningkat”. Sekolah Tinggi Penyuluhan Pertanian, Jurusan Penyuluhan
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